Indonesian Natural Resources

INDONESIAN NATURAL RESOURCES

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POTENTIAL OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND SPREADS

1. UNDERSTANDING NATURAL RESOURCES

Natural resources are all wealth in the form of inanimate objects as well as living things on earth and can be utilized to meet the needs of human life.

2. MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

There are several kinds of natural resources that can be utilized in various ways. SDA can be classified according to several things. Based on the form utilized, SDA can be classified as follows.

a. SDA Material, i.e. if what is used is natural resource material . example: siderite, limonite can be melted into iron / steel b. SDA Hayati, is SDA in the form of living things, namely animals and plants. SDA of plants is called SDA Nabati and animals are called SDA of Animals. c. SDA Energy, i.e. if the goods used by humans are energy contained in the SDA. d. SDA Space, is the space or place that humans need in their lives. e. SDA Time, as a natural resource, time does not stand alone but is bound by the use of other natural resources.         

Based on the Formation

a. NATURAL RESOURCES THAT CAN BE UPDATED So called, because nature is capable of holding new forms relatively quickly, by reproduction or by cycle.    

1) renewal with reproduction. This happens to living natural resources, because animals and plants can multiply so that the numbers always increase. 2) Updates in the presence of cycles. some natural resources, for example water and air occur in circular processes forming cycles.    
    

b. NATURAL RESOURCES THAT CANNOT BE UPDATED This SDA is found in a relatively static amount because there is no addition or a long formation time. Example: minerals, coal etc. based on the usability and consumptive value, this SDA is divided into 2, namely: 1) SDA THAT IS NOT FAST Because the consumptive value is small. 2) A natural resource which is very fast. because the consumer value of the goods is relatively high.    


    
    

BY WAY BE SHARED FORMATION OF EXCAVATED MATERIALS
1. minerals of magmatic 2. minerals pegmatites 3. excavated material deposition results 4. minerals enriched secondary 5. excavated material contact metamorphism results 6. extractive thermal    
    
    
    
    
    

GALIAN MATERIALS IN INTEREST FOR COUNTRIES
1. GROUP A, types of strategic minerals 2. GROUP B, class of vital minerals 3. GROUP C, minerals excluded from group A or B CHAPTER II TYPES AND SPREADS    
    
    

A. TYPES AND SPREAD OF NATURAL RESOURCES 1. Natural Resources. The living natural resources consist of animal and vegetable natural resources. Sediment resources are scattered on land and sea or in waters. a. Natural Vegetable Resources Indonesia is a country rich in natural resources. It is blessed with fertile soil so plants can grow perfectly in Indonesian territory. The area of ​​flora in Indonesia includes Tropical Forests, Seasonal Forests, Steppes, and Sabana. b. Animal Natural Resources In general, the area of ​​faunal distribution in Indonesia is divided into 3 regions, namely, the western part of Indonesia, the central part of Indonesia and the eastern part of Indonesia. All three are bounded by the Wallace line and the Weber line. The western part is more likely to follow the diversity of Asian animals, while the eastern part follows the diversity of Australian animals. Special features of Indonesian animals are found in the central region.    
    

    


    

2. Distribution of Mining Results a. Petroleum Petroleum comes from microplankton found in lakes, bays, swamps and shallow seas. After death microplankton fall and settle on the seabed and then mixed with sediment. Due to the pressure of the upper layers and the influence of magma heat, and the distillation process occurs until crude oil occurs. The regions producing petroleum in Indonesia are as follows:    
    
 

• Java Island: Cepu, Cirebon and Wonokromo. • Sumatra Island: Palembang and Jambi. • Kalimantan Island: Tarakan Island, Bunyu Island and Kutai. • Irian Island: Sorong. b. Natural gas Natural gas is a mixture of several hydrocarbons with a small carbon content that is used as a fuel. There are two types of liquefied natural gas traded, namely LNG (liquefied natural gas) and LPG (liquefied petroleum gas).    
    
    
    
    

c. Coal Coal is formed from plants buried until it is in another layer of sedimentary rocks. The process of coal formation is also called incolent which is divided into two, namely biochemical processes and metamorphosis processes. The coal mining regions in Indonesia are as follows: • Ombilin near Sawahlunto (West Sumatra) • Bukit Asam near Tanjung Enin (Palembang) • West Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, South Kalimantan (Pulau Laut / Sebuku) • Jambi, Riau, Aceh and Papua. d. Clay Is a soil that contains clay, many found in the lowlands on Java and Sumatra. e. Kaolin is formed from weathering granite rocks. There are many in the area around the mountains on the island of Sumatra f. Limestone Limestone is formed from weathering nests of coral animals. There are many in the Thousand Mountains and Kendeng Mountains. g. Quartz sand Is weathering rocks that drifted and then settled in the area around rivers, beaches and lakes. There are many in Banda Aceh, Bangka, Belitung and Bengkulu. h. Iron sand Is a sandstone that contains a lot of iron. Located on Cilacap Beach, Central Java. i. Marble or marble Is a limestone that has changed shape and appearance. There are many in Trenggalek, East Java, and the Bayat area (Central Java) j. Agate Is a rock or mineral that is quite hard and colorful. There are in the mountains and around the river. k. Bauxite is abundant on Bintan Island and Riau. l. Tin- producing regions in Indonesia are Bangka, Belitung and Singkep. m. Nickel There are around Lake Matana, Lake Towuti and in Kolaka. n. Copper is available in Tirtomoyo, Wonogiri (Central Java), Muara Simpeng (Sulawesi) and Tembagapura (Papua).    

o. Gold and silver are precious metals. There are in Tembagapura, Batu Hijau, Tasikmalaya, Simau, Logos, Meulaboh. p. Sulfur There are in the area of ​​Mount Telaga Bodas (Garut) and in volcanic craters, such as in Dieng (Central Java). q. Manganese is in Kliripan (Yogyakarta), Doi Island (Halmahera) and Karang nunggal. r. Phosphate There are in Cirebon, Mount Ijen, and Banyumas. s. Iron Steel iron is iron that has a low carbon content or mixture. t. Mika T    

can be found on Peleng Island, Banggay Islands in Maluku. u. Tras Found in the Muria Mountains (Central Java). v. Diamonds are in Martapura (South Kalimantan). CHAPTER III MANAGEMENT AND UTILIZATION 

A. MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES Natural resources need to be preserved in order to support the life of living things. If natural resources are damaged or destroyed life can be disrupted. The following are some things that can be endeavored to preserve natural resources : 1. Based on environmental and sustainable principles a. reforestation and reforestation b. swales c. watershed development d. wastewater management e. control of waste disposal 2. Based on the principle of reducing In taking natural resources should not be taken entirely, but only reduce the principle. Taken spent will damage the environment and disrupt the ecosystem of the environment. 3. based on the principle of recycling the process of recycling is the reprocessing of a mass or used materials in the form of dry waste that has no economic value into goods that are useful for human life. There are two waste management system that is both formal and informal management system 1. System formal management Namely carriage collection and disposal are carried out by local authorities, for example the Department of Hygiene and cropping    
   

2. Informal management system Namely the activities carried out by encouraging the need for life from some communities. They unconsciously participate in the cleanliness of the city and they are actually also environmentalists.    

B. FACTORS CAUSING SDA DAMAGE 1. In agriculture and fisheries a. Deforestation causes abandoned land to become infertile and overgrown with Imperata b. Application of fertilizer and excessive spraying of pests will result in the emergence of new types of pests that are thick against these chemicals c. The wrong fishing causes a decrease in certain types of fish in water areas 2. In the field of Technology and industry The use of inappropriate and inappropriate technology that will cause something bad 3. Pollution a. Air The results of industrial waste in the form of carbon monoxide gas, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and others b. Sound Noise pollution by the noise of cars, planes, trains, air jets. c. Water Pollution of remnants of the industry carelessly can pollute sea water. Soap foam cannot be absorbed by the soil. 4. Flooding       
    

It often occurs during the rainy season when rainfall is high.
Factors causing include: 1. Deforestation 2. littering 3. Covering of urban land with concrete and asphalt 4. damage to river embankments 5. Mount erupting Causes: 1. hot lava and lava 2. Cold lava 3. dust volcanic dust 4. water source becomes dry 5. volcanic eruptions cause death of flora and fauna 6. Earthquakes Movement of the earth's crust as endogenous power causes damage to highways, earth's surface, tsunami waves 7. Typhoons Are winds that blow with very strong speed. If it is accompanied by rain, it is called a storm, it can cause damage, among others, houses, building walls of the house, the fall of a helicopter, damage to the forest area, overthrowing a train, and can cause large waves. 8. Dry season If sweltering and for a long time can cause damage. 
    
C. OBSTACLES OF UTILIZING NATURAL RESOURCES Because Indonesia is still a developing country, Indonesia still experiences various kinds of obstacles in the process of managing and utilizing Natural Resources. Especially in terms of the readiness of Indonesian Human Resources which is still lacking. The following are common obstacles faced by Indonesia in the management and utilization of Natural Resources. 1. Lack of experts in the field of Natural Resources. 2. The high cost of facilities and infrastructure for processing natural resources. 3. Harmful cooperation with foreign companies. 4. Transportation to the natural resources area is limited considering that Indonesia is an archipelago. 5. HR who have not met the qualifications.    

D. EFFORTS TO OVERCOME SDA DAMAGE 1. In agriculture and fisheries a. Reducing deforestation and reforestation b. Making swales c. Community outreach d. Reducing excessive spraying of pests e. Doing fishing properly 2. In the field of Technology a. Using technology properly and correctly b. Bring in foreign experts and technology c. Diploma and Bachelor level education to meet HR needs. d. Cooperating with other countries in processing natural resources 3. In Pollution a. Creating sewage channels for air and water so as not to disturb the natural balance b. Reducing the use of hazardous chemicals c. Community outreach d. Prevent deforestation e. Repair damaged levees and reforest deforested forests    
    
E. EFFORTS TO USE NATURAL RESOURCES In utilizing natural resources, humans need to be based on the principle of eco-efficiency. This means that it does not damage the ecosystem, making it efficient in thinking about the continuation of HR. Sustainable development aims at the realization of the existence of natural resources to support human welfare. Then the main priority of management is environmental preservation efforts 1. Utilization of Natural Resources 1. Utilized as food resources such as rice, corn, sweet potatoes and so on 2. Utilized as a source of clothing such as haramay fiber 3. Some types of plants can be used as essential oils such as eucalyptus , lemongrass, ylang, clove 4. Utilized as ornamental plants such as orchids 5. Utilized as raw material for furniture such as meranti, rattan, bamboo 6. Used as ingredients for kencur, ginger, turmeric 7. Utilized as industrial needs 2. Utilization of natural resources Animal 1. Utilized as food resources such as beef, goat meat 2. Utilized as a source of handicrafts such as fish, assembled into jewelry 3. Utilized to enhance human cultural values ​​and life values, such as submarine forms adopted from the way of diving fish, forms airplane of bird shape    

3. Utilization of Natural Resources of Mining Goods Businesses in the use of mining and minerals in Indonesia's development are as follows: a. As a fulfillment of the needs of natural resources of minerals and minerals in the country. b. Increase state revenue because mining goods can be exported abroad c. Expanding employment d. Advancing the field of transportation and communication e. Promoting domestic industries The efforts in sustainable development are as follows: a. bringing together the perception of biosphere conservation or conservation b. use natural resources efficiently and do not endanger the biosphere c. continue and secure the use of natural resources d. develop and apply advanced technology to support environmental management and development e. support new economic programs that have sustainable strategies in environmental management and development.