Archaeological Divisions
A. Stone Age
The experts conducted research on prehistoric human life through various analyzes. We can examine it with an analysis of the results of the culture left behind. Or we can examine life in prehistoric times through an analysis of its life style. Based on the analysis of the results of the culture left behind, prehistoric life can be divided into two, namely the stone age and the metal age.
The division of time does not use clear time limits for each era.
It is very likely that the epoch took place at the same time, because the age grouping was based on found objects, such as the stone age and the metal age. Now in this post, I will discuss one of them, the Stone Age.
Stone Age all human equipment is made of stone. According to its development, the stone age can be divided into 4, namely:
1. an old stone age ( palaeolithicum )
2. medieval stone age ( mesolithicum )
3. young stone age ( neolithicum )
4. Stone Age ( Megalithicum )
1. Old stone age (palaeolithicum)
In this age has special characteristics, namely:a. Equipment made of stone or bones that are still rough.b. The types of tools used are hand-held axes, perimbas axes and shale tools.c. Humans live looking for food by gathering and hunting.d. Residing nomadic (nomadic).
e. Do not know art.
2. Middle stone age (mesolithicum)
Middle stone age (mesolithicum) has special characteristics that are almost the same as the palaeolithicum era. However, there are some additions as follows:
a. Kjokkenmoddinger was discovered, namely: coral hills resulting from kitchen waste.
b. Found Abris Sous Roche, the caves as a place to live.
c. Humans today are familiar with art in the form of paintings on cave walls. This painting takes the form of a hand stamp and a wild boar.
d. The tool used is called the peble or Sumatran ax.
e. Already starting to recognize trust.
3. The young stone age (neolithicum)
This era is a revolution in prehistoric times. There has been a fundamental change in the style of life and the way of residence and living equipment. This era is familiar with the results of culture as follows:
a. Equipment has been smoothed and even given a handle.
b. The type of tools used were square and oval axes.
c. His clothes are made of bark. Her jewelry is made of stone and beads.
d. Has settled / sedenter.
e. Already have the ability to grow crops.
f. Has embraced animism and dynamism beliefs.
4. The Stone Age (Megalithicum)
It is called the big stone age because cultural products are generally made of large stones. As for the products of culture today are the following objects:
a. Menhir : that is a monument made of large stones. Usually this menhir is used to worship ancestral spirits. b. Dolmen : the stone table used to place offerings. c. Burying stones : the place to store corpses. This stone tomb is rectangular in shape, and made of stone slabs. d. Waruga : is a stone tomb shaped in a cube. e. Sarcophagus : is a stone grave in the shape of a mortar. Sarcophagus is made of one stone. f. Punden terraces : a building made of stone. The stones are arranged in steps or terraced.
B. Metal Age
In the metal age, the tools used by humans were made of metal. Metal age according to its development can be divided into 3, namely:
1. Bronze Age
Called the bronze age because in this era generated life equipment made of bronze. The equipment was made with 2 kinds of techniques. Some are made with the lost print technique (a cire perdue) and some are made with reprints (bivalve). Life tools made of bronze include: Nekara, Moko, ax mouthpiece, bronze statue, bronze vessel and bronze jewelery.
Nekara is a large drum made of bronze. Usually used as a ceremonial tool to invite rain. The biggest Nekara is found in Bali. Now the nekara is kept in Besakih Temple. Nekara is called The Moon of Pejeng.
Moko is a small drum made of bronze. Usually used as a religious ceremony tool or as a dowry.
Funnel ax also called shoe ax. The ax consists of various sizes. There are long-stemmed, some are curved inward, and there is a concave on the base.
Bronze statue is a statue made of bronze. The shape is as diverse as the shape of a person or animal.
The bronze vessel is like a Spanish guitar, but without the stems. The decoration pattern uses woven decoration and the letter J.
This form of jewelry in the form of bracelets, anklets, rings and necklaces. Most of the jewelry was found as a grave stock.
2. Copper Age
Indonesia did not experience the copper age. This is evidenced by the absence of relics of ancient copper objects in Indonesia. After the bronze age, the Indonesian people immediately entered the iron age.
3. Iron Age
Iron culture produces many objects in the form of living equipment and weapons. The weapons produced in this iron age were spears, arrows, hoes, sickles and plows. Iron age relic objects are estimated to be quite a lot, but not widely found, because of the nature of these objects that are easily corroded. The number of historical heritages above shows that our ancestors as a nation that has high creativity.
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